From Taylor Series to Euler Formula

ex=k=0xkk!e^x=\sum_{k=0}^\infin \frac{x^k}{k!}

Plug in x=iθx=i\theta

eiθ=1+iθ+(iθ)22!+(iθ)33!+e^{i\theta}=1+i\theta+\frac{(i\theta)^2}{2!}+\frac{(i\theta)^3}{3!}+\cdots

Separate real part and imaginary part, we can get

eiθ=cosθ+isinθe^{i\theta}=\cos\theta + i\sin\theta

DeMoivre’s Theorem

[cosθ+isinθ]n=cos(nθ)+isin(nθ)[\cos\theta+i\sin\theta]^n=\cos(n\theta)+i\sin(n\theta)