Covariance

X,YX,Y 之间的 Covariance 定义为

Cov(X,Y)=σXY=E[(XμX)(YμY)]Cov(X,Y)=\sigma_{XY}=\mathbb{E}[(X-\mu_X)(Y-\mu_Y)]

Correlation

X,YX,Y 之间的 Correlation 定义为

Corr(X,Y)=ρXY=σXYσXσYCorr(X,Y)=\rho_{XY}=\frac{\sigma_{XY}}{\sigma_X\sigma_Y}